Language and Browser Support
What programming languages and browsers each end-to-end testing tool supports.
Playwright
Offers official bindings for JavaScript/TypeScript, Python, Java, and .NET, with genuine, well-maintained cross-browser support for Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit (Safari’s engine) from a single API.
Cypress
JavaScript/TypeScript only, with browser support historically strongest on Chromium-based browsers and Firefox; WebKit/Safari support has been more limited than Playwright’s.
Selenium
Offers official bindings for Java, Python, C#, JavaScript, Ruby, and more, with broad support across virtually every major browser via each browser’s own WebDriver implementation.
Puppeteer
Primarily JavaScript/TypeScript (with community ports to other languages), and primarily focused on Chromium-based browsers, with experimental Firefox support.
WebdriverIO
JavaScript/TypeScript, with broad cross-browser support inherited from its dual WebDriver/CDP protocol support, plus mobile app automation through Appium integration.
TestCafe
JavaScript/TypeScript, supporting all major browsers since it works through script injection rather than a browser-specific automation protocol.